Discussion at this roundtable event got underway with the participants citing recent figures indicating that 70% of Italians anticipate they will have to cut down on spending in 2009. The figure was 21% in 2001, 29% in 2002 and 42% in 2004. At a time of international crisis, this growing trend is forcing businesses to rethink their business models.
The Aspen Seminar on Values and Society, conducted in English and held in collaboration with The Aspen Institute, followed the same format as the seminar held in Moltrasio (Como) on March 6-8, 2009. Aimed at a diverse group of participants, the event involved Aspen Junior Fellows, Friends of Aspen and young leaders from Italy and abroad. The debate was significantly enriched by the diversity of the geographic, personal and professional backgrounds of the participants.
The participants at this conference observed that, irrespective of the kind of institutional set-up a particular country may have, the public administration is the bridge between administrators and the administered. An efficient and modern public administration ceases to be a mere cost and becomes an asset for the productive system and a means for improving the quality of life of citizens and families.
For the third consecutive year and in collaboration with The Aspen Institute, the Aspen Seminar on Values and Society was held in Italy. Since 1951, this series of seminars, conducted in English, has been the widely-acclaimed cornerstone program of the Aspen Institute tradition in the United States. This latest event in the series involved Italian and overseas participants who, through an analysis and discussion of texts by classical and contemporary authors, debated the major universal values and their relationship with the issues of today.
The crisis currently in progress is exceptional for many reasons, including the fact that it seems to be the culmination of a series of rapid-growth phenomena. The globalization of the 1990s, while producing many positive effects, was too fast and was not accompanied by a sufficient adaptation of the major multilateral institutions, the rules (especially in the financial sector) and the world monetary system itself.
This event was part of the broader Aspen for the G-8 project, dedicated to Italy’s presidency of the G-8. The project aims to contribute to the formulation of guidelines for G-8 action characterized by coordinated efforts between the public and private sectors.
This international workshop, dedicated to the issue of the sustainability of health systems in the face of an ageing population, highlighted the fact that the phenomenon affects all countries, whether developed or developing. Since the middle of the 19th century, life expectancy at birth in all industrialized nations has doubled and, in some cases, more than doubled. At the same time, birth rates and fertility rates have fallen and, in Western countries, have dropped to a quarter of their levels at the beginning of the 20th century.
The participants at this roundtable were deeply critical of the lack of transparency in the international financial system, the product of an out-of-control laissez-faire capitalism and a global lex mercatoria that has swept aside traditional capitalist organizational forms and the regulatory functions of public authorities.
Created by the implosion of the US financial system, the last of the “bubbles” – that of the housing market – is the culmination of over a decade of shortsighted American monetary policies and an inadequate monitoring system. The situation is particularly grave, with forecasts that world growth will fall from 5% in 2007 to little more than 1% in 2009. As yet, it is not possible to predict how long the recession will last.
The debate, held following the live telecast of the swearing-in and inauguration speech of the new President of the United States, Barack Obama, focused on the critical domestic and international situation that the new administration and President will have to face. Expectations are high and the problems are complex if not dramatic. It was precisely an awareness of the challenges ahead that probably led Obama to frame his first speech as President in rather pragmatic tones, emphasizing the sacrifices Americans will have to make in this “era of responsibility”.
In the history of any country, there are phases where it is necessary to build and phases where wealth produced needs to be distributed. Italy, hit by the international crisis, finds itself in the former condition and aims to bolster its economy by building new infrastructure and, in the process, create jobs and facilitate the movement of people and goods.
Discussion focused on economic and financial issues, bringing to light two questions in particular. The first regards the opportunity to build a new international system of rules and institutions — a Bretton Woods for the twenty-first century.
The participants analyzed the scenario that has emerged in America since the elections of November 2008 as well as the likely prospects for American foreign policy, the changing relationship between the State and the market in light of the global economic crisis and the geopolitical situation regarding energy resources.
In the present difficult macroeconomic scenario, enacting a federalist transformation of the financial relations between the state and local government is a preordained occasion to improve the quality of administrative action; at the same time improving public expenditures according to principles of transparency, efficiency and responsibility.
Italy’s energy system is marked by a production mixture heavily tilted in the direction of the more expensive energy sources, oil and gas, and – almost without exception – by its dependence on fuel imports. It is therefore incapable of supporting the country’s development. In comparison to its European neighbors, Italy is paying for years of delay in the development of infrastructures, to the point where today it is paying an extremely high energy bill, with serious damage to the competitiveness of our businesses.
The international financial crisis and its impact on the real economy have increased the need for decisive, coordinated action by international bodies, the EU and individual nations. The greatest concern is the existence of “panic” and “lack of trust” in the markets, which is indeed what is undermining the real economy all over the world. Many maintain that, in order to restore faith in the markets and therefore face the crisis, on one hand domestic consumption must be stimulated. On the other hand, an increase in the public demand is needed for investments in infrastructures.
The seventh Annual Conference for the Aspen Junior Fellows was dedicated to the topic of the city, in the year in which, for the first time in history, more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, as indicated in the United Nations Population Fund Report. The timeliness of this issue is confirmed by the theme of the 2010 Shanghai Expo: Better City, Better Life. By holding the conference in Milan, the challenges faced by the experimental city in its preparations for the 2015 Milan Expo were highlighted.
International public opinion has a well-defined image for every country. These impressions, often stereotypes, are influenced by centuries of history, the territory’s formation, the way its citizens behave, and even by chance. They tend to give preference to secondary aspects that have simply had a stronger impact on the collective imagination.
